مطالعه چهار رقم بابونه(. L (Matricaria chamomila اصلاح شده در شرايط آب و هوايي ايران

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1 فصلنامه علمي پژوهشي تحقيقات گياهان دارويي و معطر ايران جلد 22 شماره 4 صفحه (1385) مطالعه چهار رقم بابونه(. L (Matricaria chamomila اصلاح شده در شرايط آب و هوايي ايران مجيد عزيزي Azizi@ferdowsi.um.ac.ir (Matricaria chamomila L.) A.. B... /. /. /. /. /.... : ).(.(Mann & Staba, 1986) (Matricaria chamomila L.) Asteraceae -

2 387. () Das. ) "" ) "" ( "" ( /) () Laura. "" (... Yanive & Palevitch, 1982; ) (Tetenyi, 1970; Franz, et al ; ) ( Valary 10 - Prashant فصلنامه تحقيقات گياهان دارويي و معطر ايران جلد 22 شماره 4.(Mann & Staba, 1986). () Vomel Letchamo. -" " --" "" " "-" () Marquard Letchamo.... Filho / DS 1 - chamazulene 2 - epi-α-bisabolol 3 - α-bisabolol oxide 4 - carvacrol 5 - p-cymene 6 - (E)-β-ocimene 7 - (Z)-β- ocimene 8 - (E,E)-farnesol

3 مطالعه چهار رقم بابونه (.L (Matricaria chamomila اصلاح شده در شرايط آب و هوايي ايران.. (Handcome). ±...(Anonyme, 1984). ( ) Hewlett-Packard WCOT fused-silica (J & W) DB-5 30 m x 0.26 mm C at 3 C/min 250 C FID (300 C) Helium 18 psi 31/8 cm/s 1.0 µl :.. -. () () () ()

4 /. / ( / ).( ) ( /). فصلنامه تحقيقات گياهان دارويي و معطر ايران جلد 22 شماره 4 MSTATC.. - /. / - ( ) () ( ) /b /b /a /ab () /a /ab /c /a () /b /ab /bc /b () /c /a /ab /b () / / / / LSD 5%. Bottcher. / () -. /

5 مطالعه چهار رقم بابونه (.L (Matricaria chamomila اصلاح شده در شرايط آب و هوايي ايران -. ( ). ( /). (Anonyme, 1984) / /.. ( ). / ) ) ( /.(. / /). ( -. - /.. / / / ) (. ).( ( / / ) ()

6 391 /... فصلنامه تحقيقات گياهان دارويي و معطر ايران جلد 22 شماره 4 -. /.( ) / ) (/ / عملكرد (گرم در متر مربع ( cd cd a cd ab d ab bc a bc cd cd Bodegol d Gor al Ger mani a Bona 35/88 23/08 20/77 13/5 برداشت سوم 80/6 94/55 85/9 54/75 برداشت دوم 53/21 93/545 41/76 37/12 برداشت اول ارقام شكل 1- مقايسه عملكرد گل ارقام بابونه مورد بررسي در تحقيق به تفكيك مراحل مختلف برداشت

7 مطالعه چهار رقم بابونه (.L (Matricaria chamomila اصلاح شده در شرايط آب و هوايي ايران () /ab /cd /d /bc /cd /cd /a /cd /cd /bc /cd /cd /d /bc /d /b /a /cd /d /a /b /d /b /d LSD 5% / / % / /.. Filho. () ) "" () Das. " " () Das. / / Cr-spl Cr-1. Cr-spl Cr-1 () Katarzyna.

8 393 / Galambosi. (). / / Letchamo Vomel () Marquard Letchamo () () Salamon. /. /. Letchamo () Letchamo Vomel () Marquard Marquard Letchamo. () (). /. /. () فصلنامه تحقيقات گياهان دارويي و معطر ايران جلد 22 شماره 4 DS ( ( / ) /. () Galambosi. () Vildova. / () Laura.. ( ) (). Soroksari / /. / () Das. / " " "" () Marquard Letchamo. /

9 مطالعه چهار رقم بابونه (.L (Matricaria chamomila اصلاح شده در شرايط آب و هوايي ايران (Matricaria recutita L.) flowers. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 22: Das, M., Mallavarapu, G.R. and Kumar, S., Isolation of genotype bearing fasciated capitula in chamomile (Chamomilla recutita). Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Science, 22: Das, M., Mallavarapu, G.R., Gupta, S.K. and Kumar, S., Prospect of cultivation of Matricaria recutita L and production of Chamomile oil in India, Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Science, 22: Filho, D.L., Crachineski, J.J., Milleo, M.V.R. and Correa. J.R., Competition between eight genotypes of chamomile [Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert]. Acta Horticulturae, 502: Franze, C., Hoelzel, J. and Voemel, A., Preliminary morphological and chemical characterization of some population and varieties of Matricaria chamomila L., Acta Horticulturae, 73: Galambosi, B., Galambosi, S.Z., Repcak, M. and Cernaj, P., Variation in the yield and essential oil of four chamomile cultivars grown in Finland. Journal of Agricultural Science in Finland, 63(5): Galambosi, B., Holm, Y., Szabeni, G., Repcak, M. and Cernaj, P., The effect of spring sowing times and spacing on the yield and essential oil of chamomile (Chamomilla recutita (L.) cv. Bona grown in Finland, Herba Hungarica, 28: Katarzyna, S.L., Determination of the ploidy level in chamomile (Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rausch.) strain rich in ά-bisabolol. Journal of Applied Gennetic, 44(2): Laura, D.A., Variation of morphology, yield and essential oil components in common chamomile (Chamomilla recutita) cultivars grown in Southern Italy. Journal of Herb, Spice & Medicinal Plants, 4(2): Letchamo, W. and Vomel, A., A comparative investigation of camomile genotypes under extremely varying ecological conditions. Acta Horticulture, 306: Letchamo, W. and Marquard, R., The pattern of active substances accumulation in camomile genotypes under different growing condition and harvesting frequencies. Acta Horticulture, 331: Mann, C. and Staba, E.J., The Chemistry, Pharmacology and Commercial formulation of Chamomile. Journal of Herb, Spice & Medicinal plants, 1: Salamon, I., Growing condition and essential oil of chamomile, Chamomilla recutita L. ( Rauschert). Journal of Herb, Spice & Medicinal plants, 22: /. Boss : (Matricaria chamomila)..- : -Anonyme, M., Hungarian pharmacopoea, VII Kiadas, Kotet; Medicine Publication. Hungary. -Bottcher, H., Gunther, I., Frank, R. and Warnstorff, K., Physiological postharvest response of Matricaria -

10 395 on chamomile research, development and production, June 7-10, Slovak Republic. -Yanive, Z. and Palevitch, D., Effects of drought on the secondary metabolites of medicinal and aromatic plants. Jammu-India. فصلنامه تحقيقات گياهان دارويي و معطر ايران جلد 22 شماره 4 -Tetenyi, P., Infraspecific Chemical Taxa of Medicinal plant; Academic Publication; Budapest. -Vildova, A., Stolcova, M.,Kloucek, P. and Orsak, M., Quality characterization of chamomile (Matricaria chamomila L.) in organic and traditional agricultures. Proceding of 1th International symposium

11 Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Vol. 22, No. 4, 2006 Study of Four Improved Cultivars of Matricaria chamomilla L. in Climatic Condition of Iran 396 Majid Azizi 1 1- Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, azizi@ferdowsi.um.ac.ir Abstract Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L. Rauch) is a highly valuable medicinal and aromatic plant and its anthodia used frequently in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Pharmacological effects of the plants is related to flavonoids, coumarins and essential oils. The most important pharmacological effects include antiinflammatory, spasmolytic and wound healing action. Its essential oils contain valuable constituents such as chamazulene, α-bisabolol and α-bisabolol oxides A and α-bisabolol oxides B. In consideration of the demand from the pharmaceutical industry for this plant and with respect to the quality of Iranian wild growing chamomile, seeds of Bodegold (tetraploid), Germania (diploid), Bona (diploid) and Goral (tetraploid) cultivars were purchased from Germany and Slovakia and cultivated in Mashhad climate. During the flowering period, growth indexes such as plant height, anthodia diameter, percent of dry matter, flower yield, essential oils content and chamazolene were measured. The results show that plant height of Goral and Bodegold (85.5 cm and 77.2 respectively) are significantly higher than Germania and Bona (74.2 cm and 70.4 cm, respectively). The anthodia diameter of Bodegold and Bona were significantly higher than anthodia diameter of Goral and Germania. The results on dry anthodia yield showed that Goral produced the highest anthodia yield ( g.m -2 ) and there is not significant difference between Goral and Bodegold. The lowest dry anthodia yield was produced by Bona ( g.m -2 ). There was a significant difference between any harvest number and essential oils content. The highest essential oils content (0.627% w/w) extracted from Bona in the first harvest but Germania produced the lowest essential oils (0.627 %w/w) at third harvest. Chamazolene content of the cultivars ranged between %. Chamazolene comparison between three harvest time showed that in all cultivars, the second harvest had more chamazolene than the first and the third harvest. In conclusion Bodegold and Goral cultivars are the most suitable improved cultivar for chamomile production in Mashhad climate. Key words: Matricaria recutita, improved cultivars, essential oil, chamazolene.